The Knowledge, Learning and Societal Change (KLSC) project aims to better understand and explain the knowldge-learning-action gap, so that steps can be taken to help societies move in more sustainable directions. Developing strategies for appropriate action requires greater insight into the drivers of global change and the behavioral transitions needed to avoid or respond effectively to possible effects. Understanding the complex mechanisms, dynamics and outcomes of the interplay between knowledge, learning, and societal change will be crucial in guiding optimal policies and societal development toward a more sustainable global system.